The population growth in 2019 was due to the increase in the migratory balance (difference between people leaving and coming to Portugal) from 11,570 to 44,506 (an increase of 0.43 percent), since the natural balance (difference between live births and deaths) remained negative, falling 0.25 percent, which meant 25,214 fewer people.

According to resident population estimates released on 15 June, the population has grown even older in the space of 10 years, with half of residents over 45.5 years old, 4.3 years more than in 2009.

In 2019, INE estimates that 10,295,909 people (5,435,932 women and 4,859,977 men) lived in Portugal, plus 19,292, the first time the balance has been positive since 2009.

In 2019, the average age at which women had children increased to 31.4 years, 1.7 years more than in 2009.

By region, the positive migratory balance was registered in the Metropolitan Area of ??Lisbon, Centre, North and Autonomous Region of Madeira.

In 2019, the population under the age of 15 decreased by 10,581 people to 1,396,985 and the population aged 65 and over increased by 36,199 to 2,280,424 people.

People aged 85 and over increased to 322,609 (more 12,335) and in 2019 there were 163.2 elderly people (aged 65 and over) for every 100 young people (between zero and 14 years).

Even so, the youngest region in Portugal is the Azores archipelago, the only one where there are more young people than elderly people, with an aging rate of 97.2 elderly people per 100 young people.

The highest aging rate was in Alentejo, where in 2019 there were 206.1 elderly people for every 100 young people, and in the Centre, with 203.6 elderly people for every 100 young people.