According to the IPMA, in October, the average air temperature was 19ºC, +2.21ºC higher than the normal value for the reference period of 1991-2020.

The average minimum temperature was 13.42ºC, the sixth highest since 1931, "with an anomaly of +1.80ºC compared to the normal value", while the average maximum temperature was 24.57ºC, +2.61ºC higher than the normal value.

The bulletin indicates that the maximum temperature was above the monthly average until the 19th, and the minimum temperature was above average until the 25th.

Regarding the minimum temperature, between the 19th and 24th, there were "deviations greater than 3ºC" and "new extremes of the highest value" in Portel and Mértola.

IMPA recorded a heat wave from October 10th to 19th in approximately 60% of the meteorological stations.

As for rainfall, the monthly total was 86.4 mm, corresponding to 79% of the average value for 1991-2020.

On the 28th and 29th, "high daily precipitation values" were recorded in the Lisbon and Algarve regions, and on the 31st in the Central and North coastal regions.

On October 31st, more than half (66%) of the continent was experiencing mild to severe drought, with a decrease in the North and Central regions and a worsening in the South-Central and South regions.

Globally, last month was the third warmest October on record, with an average surface air temperature of 15.14°C.

October was, since April, the first month in 2025 with a temperature above 1.50°C, the limit defined for global warming, registering 1.55°C above the estimated average for the period 1850-1900 (pre-industrial level).