Ireland’s population was estimated at 5.1 million in 2022. The figures come from the newly released Measuring Ireland’s Progress 2021 report by the Central Statistics Office (CSO).

The proportion of the population over 45 increased 34.9% to 40.2%.

Ireland had a fertility rate of 1.8 in 2021, which tied with France, Czechia, and Romania as the highest rate in the EU27. All countries in the EU were below the theoretical replacement fertility rate of 2.1.

At 11.6 tonnes in 2020, Ireland also had the second-highest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the EU after Luxembourg.

The amount of municipal waste generated in Ireland rose from 2.8 million tonnes to 3.2 million tonnes between 2010 and 2020, while the proportion of that waste recovered rose from 38.1% to 83.0% over the same period.

The report also included the proportion of the population who graduate from STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) programmes.

Ireland had the highest proportion of STEM graduates in the EU, at 39.9 per persons aged 20-29.