This high position is attributed to Portugal’s remarkably low adult vaping prevalence of just 1 percent and a substantial 50 percent excise tax on vaping products.

The Vaping Reduction Index, which analysed 55 countries based on regulatory stringency, tax measures, and public interest in quitting, ranked Australia first, while France, Ireland, and the USA were the least effective at reducing use.

The index aims to highlight nations prioritising public health as evidence grows regarding the toxic substances in e-cigarettes, which the World Health Organisation links to cancer and heart disorders.

Steven Spicer, General Manager of Health at Compare the Market, praised countries such as Portugal for implementing stringent regulations and taxes to mitigate emerging long-term health risks.

By investing in bans and education now, these leading nations are seen as securing a healthier future for their populations amid the global rise in e-cigarette consumption.